Ugra agriculture and forestry during the war
The development of agriculture in Khanty-Mansiysk National Okrug was a forced measure, it has become a necessity in order to provide the population of the okrug with food. In total, there were 298 collective farms in the district, 70 of them were agricultural artels.
The main task in agriculture during the wartime was to expand the cultivated area. Since 1941 to 1943, there was a significant increase in crops: 11,255 hectares in 1941, 15,604 hectares in 1942, 17,769 hectares in 1943. In 1944-1945, the reduction of cultivated areas began (16,713 and 15,943 hectares, respectively). The crop yield in the okrug was very low (grain crops — from 3.3 c to 4.5 hundredweight per hectar; for potatoes — 48.4 hundredweight per hectar). The gross yield of grain in 1941-1945 was 332.8 tons, potatoes — 838 tons. Almost all work in agriculture was implemented manually. On average, one collective farm had 0.4 seeders, 0.4 cultivators, 3.7 ploughs, 4 machine-tractor stations created in the district, only 50 tractors; it covered half of the agricultural artels located near the machine and tractor station – MTS (within a radius of 200-300 km). The main activity of MTS was the development of new land and ploughing of collective farm fields (in total, 15-20% of the available agricultural land). By the end of the war, there was a sharp decline in agricultural production (for grain by 3 times, for potatoes by almost 4 times).
Animal husbandry played a very important role during the war. According to the data of January, 1942, the number of livestock in the district was: horses -13,573, cattle -16,360, sheep-6,610, pigs-1,668. Public animal husbandry was characterized by extremely low productivity, due to poor conditions for animals. Average milk yields were 600-700 liters per 1 forage-fed cow. Milk production during the war years amounted to 223 tons. By the end of the war, there was a reduction in the number of livestock: horses — by 7,833 heads, cattle — by 2,200 heads, pigs — by 1,212 heads. Agriculture of the okrug was financed marginally (1/30 of the budget). The labor force involved in agriculture of the okrug was: in 1941 — 7,300 people, in 1942 — 6,500 people, in 1943 — 5,614 people.
The main task in agriculture during the wartime was to expand the cultivated area. Since 1941 to 1943, there was a significant increase in crops: 11,255 hectares in 1941, 15,604 hectares in 1942, 17,769 hectares in 1943. In 1944-1945, the reduction of cultivated areas began (16,713 and 15,943 hectares, respectively). The crop yield in the okrug was very low (grain crops — from 3.3 c to 4.5 hundredweight per hectar; for potatoes — 48.4 hundredweight per hectar). The gross yield of grain in 1941-1945 was 332.8 tons, potatoes — 838 tons. Almost all work in agriculture was implemented manually. On average, one collective farm had 0.4 seeders, 0.4 cultivators, 3.7 ploughs, 4 machine-tractor stations created in the district, only 50 tractors; it covered half of the agricultural artels located near the machine and tractor station – MTS (within a radius of 200-300 km). The main activity of MTS was the development of new land and ploughing of collective farm fields (in total, 15-20% of the available agricultural land). By the end of the war, there was a sharp decline in agricultural production (for grain by 3 times, for potatoes by almost 4 times).
Animal husbandry played a very important role during the war. According to the data of January, 1942, the number of livestock in the district was: horses -13,573, cattle -16,360, sheep-6,610, pigs-1,668. Public animal husbandry was characterized by extremely low productivity, due to poor conditions for animals. Average milk yields were 600-700 liters per 1 forage-fed cow. Milk production during the war years amounted to 223 tons. By the end of the war, there was a reduction in the number of livestock: horses — by 7,833 heads, cattle — by 2,200 heads, pigs — by 1,212 heads. Agriculture of the okrug was financed marginally (1/30 of the budget). The labor force involved in agriculture of the okrug was: in 1941 — 7,300 people, in 1942 — 6,500 people, in 1943 — 5,614 people.
Reindeer breeding was the main branch of nomadic and semi-nomadic collective farms. The reindeer population was mainly concentrated in the Berezovsky district (Stalin, Karl Marx, Kalinin and "12 years of October" collective farms) and was about 33,000 deer.
Forestry was an important industry. The industry primarily served for the defense order. The main products of the industry were: blanks for butt-stocks (900,000 pieces produced), skis, ammunition boxes; in addition, they produced plywood for aviation (only 25,000 m3), pontoon bars, matches. Timber harvesting was carried out by forestry enterprises, the largest of which was in Surgut (for 4 years of war — 131,000 m3). Fur production was one of the strategic tasks. It was solved by the hunters of the okrug. During the war, the amount of furs produced amounted to 20 million 800 thousand rubles.
After the end of the war, 5,000 employees and collective farmers of the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug were awarded the medal "For Valoruous Labour during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945".
Forestry was an important industry. The industry primarily served for the defense order. The main products of the industry were: blanks for butt-stocks (900,000 pieces produced), skis, ammunition boxes; in addition, they produced plywood for aviation (only 25,000 m3), pontoon bars, matches. Timber harvesting was carried out by forestry enterprises, the largest of which was in Surgut (for 4 years of war — 131,000 m3). Fur production was one of the strategic tasks. It was solved by the hunters of the okrug. During the war, the amount of furs produced amounted to 20 million 800 thousand rubles.
After the end of the war, 5,000 employees and collective farmers of the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug were awarded the medal "For Valoruous Labour during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945".